Friday 26 July 2019

香港北愛化的又一步

那是2016年的夏天。旺角騷亂已經過了幾個月。梁天琦,以及另外數位參選人,剛被禁止參選將於同年稍後舉行的立法會選舉。我正閱讀McKitrick和McVea著的《理解北愛動盪》(Making Sense of The Troubles)。在那陣子前後,我忽爾領會到,香港越來越像北愛爾蘭。

德里/倫敦德里紀念民權運動的壁畫。起先大致非暴力的示威活動,在雙方各自訴諸武力後,演化為三十年的動盪。來源:維基百科;CC BY-SA 2.0
我和Deryck討論過後皆認同這點,也皆希望事實將證明我們是錯的。以下是對話。自此以降,三年過去。

(E:在下;D:Deryck。

由於是即時通訊對話,有時候Deryck剛回了訊,我還在順著之前的思路打字回覆,所以紀錄有時讀來有點突兀,敬請留意。)
E:Hey
E:你點睇梁天琦
E:我同啲frd子傾過,我希望自己完全錯哂,但呢個就係我地睇到新聞時嘅反應
(對話大意:政府好撚蠢,有人覺得梁天琦司法覆核會勝訴{譯按:唉}。而E則擔心咁落去,基進非建制或會更趨激進:例如佢哋或者會諗,公務員會為咗升職賣屎忽,但唔會為升職賣命,然後就可能諗到暗殺,好似北愛爾蘭咁。)
D:我原則上同意
D:我由2012年起就開始講香港北愛化啦
D:建制唔願妥協,各走極端就無可避免
E:我遲過你
E:我去到2015年中至feel到北愛化
D:我估我諗到呢個比喻,係我發現2012年香港立法會嘅政黨光譜同北愛好似嗰陣。每個社經立場,無論左右,都有個泛民黨,有個保皇黨,就好似響北愛無論政治上嘅左右翼,都有聯英派、共和派之分一樣。
E:而我亦同意建制到時會滿手鮮血。
D:以前選管會、法庭,我哋都會視為中立。我地已失去咗選委會。可能呢個係最危險嘅倒退。
E:Well,我地都失去咗廉政公署。
E:都係呢幾個月嘅事。
E:法庭暫時守得住。但守到幾耐呢?
D:有啲厭世咁講,我預測,就選舉管理委員會決定嘅司法覆核,會係壓垮駱駝嘅最後一條稻草。
E:況且只係法庭守得住未必夠。北愛動盪嗰時,英國上議院(嘅受理上訴委員會)一直係北愛嘅最高法院,但唔見得平息到衝突。
E:同意。
E:環繞司法覆核嘅爭議可以拖低成個司法機構
D:香港會爆得比北愛更暴力。原因好簡單:暴力起事通常唔少得對現狀失望嘅後生仔。但香港後生除去大陸之外無啶去,連1970年代嘅北愛後生都不如。佢哋起碼可以揀搬去大不列顛或者愛爾蘭共和國,即係呢好似我喺倫敦時嘅房東一樣。
D:我最驚嘅唔係香港北愛化,而係香港加沙化。
E:如果司法系統拖低咗,就再冇人可以企係兩邊嘅激進派之間調和。
D:一旦社群暴力爆發,中國建制只會更排斥香港人,就好似佢地對待藏人、維吾爾人咁。逼到冇埞走,本來中立嘅青年都會希望幻滅,逼成暴力分離主義者。加沙嗰種Style。
E:咁都有樣嘢令我冇咁驚:我地嘅人口結構唔係加沙嗰種。
D:Hmmm,兩邊嘅激進派?香港改革派邊邊個激進?
E:香港人口中位歲數係43,我記得加沙好似係19。
D:加沙啲老人家去哂邊?:(
E:作為一個社會,香港單純地冇咁多可以訴諸暴力嘅青春活力。
E:我諗係因為加沙公共衡生差,生育率又高掛
D:我唔認同。睇下2014同魚蛋革命幾有活力。
E:比起2011 倫敦騷亂,都係小菜一碟啫。
E:或者同今年法國勞工改革爭議時,我哋巴黎睇到嘅嘢比起嚟。
D:我覺得似巴黎多過倫敦
E:真,倫敦暴動只係一班無組織無目的嘅暴徒。
E:流變方向好明確。由2003年無可挑剔嘅和平遊行,到2014年嘅佔領運動,我哋只係花咗11年。
E:而由整體上和平嘅佔領運動,去到明確針對警察嘅暴力,只用咗420日。
D:2003、2012:我哋相信法律框架下,目標明確嘅政治行動可以促成正面嘅變化。
E:呢條思路最後一次成功,係2012
E:國民教育
D:2014:屌你啦建制,屌你啦佢地啲法律。我地自己訂規矩,再跟嗰啲規矩做嘢。
E:Well
E:最後一次見到呢條思路嘅火花,係2014嘅九月同十月
E:隨著佔領失敗,呢條思路基本上等同死咗
D:2016:屌你啦規距。建制都唔守規距,以牙還牙,我地都唔守。
D:響2014至15時,我曾經希望夏慤村嘅動能,能夠創造一個茁壯嘅公民社會同社會企業圈。佢哋可以補政府嘅不足,就好似英國慈善界響新工黨同保守黨金馬倫時代所做到嘅咁。
E:Well,我會話響2014時,社運人士講「屌你啦建制嘅法律」時,佢地嘅意思其實係「用我哋嘅道德標準為指引,一齊寫下我地自己嘅抗爭底線」。
D:但我認同政府嘅信用破產得太快,呢個大社會好難及時走到位補空隙
D:係,我同意你對2014年嘅睇法
E:依家唯一淨低嘅道德準則似乎係,當社運人士面對政府時,佢地應該共同進退,響同伴有危險跌入警察手中時執番佢地番嚟。無論佢哋本身嘅政見係咪一樣。
D:⋯⋯呢個基本上係自1990年起嘅中國大陸公民社會嘅定義。
E:但依家連對抗爭底線嘅共識都冇。
D:哪有抗爭底線。點解要俾敵人知道你嘅規矩、底線呢?
E:啱呀,而家就係咁。
昨晚,在元朗這座市郊新市鎮,這城市大概又朝著暴力往下走了一步。一群身著白衣、手持武器的流氓無差別地攻擊所有他們在車站裏發現的人,其中包括兒童與孕婦。許多,但並非所有乘客都是自市中心歸來、身著黑衣的示威者。數小時過後,警察方到達現場,碰巧就在流氓離開後。

而這種事,當然,不是新事。在2014年的佔領運動初期,同樣有表面上與政府毫無關係的流氓攻擊示威者。至於公眾與攻擊者理論,或是哀求他們停手,換來同樣朝向臉的一拳,也是同樣的。不幸地,這已算不上新的一步。

然而,在某些片段中,黑衣人竟拿起他們在現場檢到的隨便甚麼棍狀物,奮起還擊,將白衣人打退——這倒是以前沒見過的新事。香港又越過了另一個心理關口:當市民對制度喪失信心,便會自行伸張心中的正義。

不過五年前,抗爭者還那麼信任制度,甚至在面對胡椒噴霧、催淚彈時,仍高舉雙手,彰顯自己並無暴力意圖,彷彿這樣訴求才更有機會實現。現在回想起來,真是難以置信,恍如隔世。

市民對制度存有信心,並非自有永有的事。是七八十年代官府掙回來的,又為此後歷任主事者繼承。2012年,政府把一個又一個原先應該中立的公共服務機關拖入政治。市民此前累積對制度的信心,被一點一點花掉,換取短期的政治利益。香港已經駛離熟悉的水域;此後的事,我們只能用猜的。

殖民地時代最後二十年,英國政府對香港管治的方針一言以蔽之,大概就是「別讓時任主事的內閣大臣難堪」。左修右補,搭出個現代社會。其根基看來精緻,實則脆弱。在這現代社會的核心,是貌似中立、去政治化的政府,以其高效惠澤社群,博得港人為之自豪。公眾諮詢亦做得細緻,展現得廣納民意。民主制度既然不能實現,便把以上種種包裝成代用品,一時間也彷彿有民主制度的效果。

累卵正立於高牆之上。一旦失去平衡,摔在地上,就可能永遠無法復原了。

現狀本就要細心拿捏分寸才維持得來,很難寄望每一任主事者都做得到。政府開始玩火,只是時間問題——有時甚至並不自知玩火。

(Translation Exercise 2.5 / 翻譯練習 2.5)

後記:多謝穆琳不吝撥冗賜教,翻譯了原文大半。譯得差的地方,都是我的。

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臉書原文
Original in English


Monday 22 July 2019

Another step in Hong Kong's Ulsterisation

Yuen Long MTR station in the evening of 21 Jul 2019. Sourced from Channel News Asia. 
It was the summer of 2016. A few months had passed since the civil unrest in Mongkok. Edward Leung, and also a few others, were just barred from standing in LegCo election later that year. I was reading McKittrick and McVea's history of The Troubles. It was around that time I got a minor epiphany: Hong Kong society was becoming more and more like that of Northern Ireland.

Deryck Chan and I discussed this and we both agreed, with the hope that we would be proven wrong. The conversation is in the picture below. Three years had flown by since.

Conversation with Deryck, 2 August 2016. Click to enlarge. 
Last night, in the suburban commuter town of Yuen Long, the city probably took another step in its descent to violence. A gang of thugs in white, armed with clubs, attacked anyone they could find in the train station - children and pregnant women included. Many but not all of the passengers were returning protesters wearing black from central Hong Kong. Hours passed before police arrive at the scene, right after the thugs left.

But this, of course, was not new. Thugs, ostensibly with no connection with the government, attacked protesters in the early days of the 2014 Occupy movement too. So did members of public reasoned with the attackers, or begged them to cease, with the same punch in the face. Sadly, this is not a new step.

What's new is this: in some videos, people in black fought back and chased away those in white with whatever sticky objects they could find by the road. Another Rubicon has been crossed: people took justice into their own hands when they lose confidence in the system.

It may be hard to believe this now: less than five years ago, protesters trusted the same system so much, they raised their hands in face of pepper spray and tear gas. They wanted to show their peaceful intent as if it would have helped their cause. That trust, first earned then inherited, is no more. It had been spent, bit by bit since 2012, in exchange for short-term political gains as one supposedly impartial public service after another was brought into politics. We are now in uncharted waters and can only guess what may ensue.

Hong Kong's modernity had largely been put together in the last 20 years of colonial rule, under instructions that can be broadly summarised as 'avoid embarrassing the Secretary of State'. Its foundation has always been delicate. At its heart is a public administration that was ostensibly apolitical and impartial, serving all with an efficiency that Hong Kong could be proud of. It was supplemented by elaborate performances of public consultations. The whole thing was then dressed up to mimic democracy, which has been put out of reach.

Humpty Dumpty is sitting on a wall. If he loses balance and falls, he probably can't be put together again.

It takes tact to simply keep the show running. Governments can only stay tactful for so long before they start playing with fire - sometimes probably without knowing.

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Discussion on the attackers' identity: